FM 22-51
LEADERS' MANUAL FOR COMBAT STRESS CONTROL

APPENDIX C
UNITED STATES ARMY BANDS

C-1. Morale Support

Morale support is essential to the maintenance of our soldiers' will to fight and win. Morale and
esprit can be seriously undermined by the stress of battle, and they are the primary targets of
enemy psychological warfare. Consequently, they demand the continuing attention of
commanders at all levels.

C-2. Army Bands as Effective Tools

To meet these challenges, the commander needs an effective means at his disposal that
stimulates positive internal and external support for the Army's objectives. Army bands are
particularly effective tools at the commander's disposal in building, reinforcing, and maintaining
good morale and esprit, as well as countering enemy psychological operations (PSYOP).

C-3. Army Bands in Combat

During the US Army's past wars and conflicts, bands have ranged throughout the battlefield and
rear areas performing music. Today's Army bands are CSS units allocated to theater armies,
theater Army area commands, corps, divisions, theater defense brigades, selected major Army
commands, selected installations, and other selected commands. Army bands provide live music
for the troops whenever opportunities present themselves in peace and in war. Army bands are
combat-ready units capable of assisting commanders with prescribed missions in the same
manner that all CSS units provide support.

C-4. Mission

The mission of each Army band is specified in paragraph 1, Section I, of its TOE. This mission
may be slightly modified to fit local command needs and exigencies. Army bands promote
readiness and relieve stress by enhancing troop morale and unit esprit. They provide music for
troop gatherings and activities, military and religious ceremonies, and PSYOP.

C-5. Troop Gatherings and Activities

Army bands provide their most effective dimension of musical support at locations where troops
are gathered such as points of embarkation and debarkation, stand-down areas, dispersal areas,
hospitals and clearing stations, messing areas, training areas, and rest and recuperation centers.
By providing live music for entertainment at such areas, bands help commanders relieve the
stress of combat as well as counter loneliness, resignation, alienation, and other threats to the
morale and esprit of their soldiers.

C-6. Military Ceremonies

Army bands provide music for military ceremonies such as reviews, parades, memorial services,
and military funerals. This supports the objectives of the unit, building the common spirit that
exists between soldiers, raising the soldier above himself, and helping to forge a strong regard
for the honor and achievement of the unit by building enthusiasm, motivation, and continued
devotion to duty.

C-7. Religious Ceremonies

Army bands enhance worship and religious and memorial ceremonies on the battlefield. This
contributes to the strengthening of a soldier's moral values, his commitment to his unit and
fellow soldiers, and deepens his respect for the dignity of the individual embodied in his
nationhood. Participation in religious ceremonies by an Army band is in accordance with AR
165-1.

C-8. Music in Support of Psychological Operations

a. Army bands can contribute significantly to the combat effort when effectively
integrated into strategic, operational, and tactical PSYOP. Army bands can reduce the
effectiveness of enemy PSYOP directed toward friendly forces and supporting civilian
groups.

b. In meeting his commander's needs for music in combat, the band
commander tailors his unit to meet mission requirements. When manned
and equipped at current authorized allowances, Army bands are capable of
providing marching, concert, and popular (ethnic, cultural, or regional)
music performances.

FM 22-51
LEADERS' MANUAL FOR COMBAT STRESS CONTROL
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 - Overview of Combat Stress Control
Chapter 2 - Stress and Combat Performance
Chapter 3 - Postive Combat Stress Behaviors
Chapter 4 - Combat Misconduct Stress Behaviors
Chapter 5 - Battle Fatigue
Chapter 6 - Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Chapter 7 - Stress Issues in Army Operations
Chapter 8 - Stress and Stressors Associated with Offensive/Defensive Operations
Chapter 9 - Combat Stress Control in Operations other than War
Chapter 10 - War and the Integrated (Nuclear, Biological and Chemical) Battlefield
Chapter 11 - Prevention of Battle Fatigue Casualties and Misconduct Stress Behaviors

Appendices
Appendix A - Leader Actions to Offset Battle Fatigue Risk Factors
Appendix B - Organization and Functions of Army Medical Department Combat Stress Control Units
Appendix C - United States Army Bands
Appendix D -The Unit Ministry Team's Role in Combat Stress Control and Battle Fatigue Ministry
Appendix E - Example Lesson Plan
Glossary - Abreviations and Acronyms
References - Sources Used